In 1863 the island was estimated to have guano deposits of almost 7 million metric tons, which were then exploited without any control. The number proved to be an overestimate and today that wealth has almost disappeared and the little remaining guano does not have the same quality as before.
The climate of this island is very warm and is home to birds like kelp gulls, boobies (Blue-footed, Nazca, and Peruvian), and Guanay cormorants. The last two species were of great importance during the heyday of guano. Lobos de Tierra Island owes its name to its proximity to the coast and the presence of otariids. At times blue whales can be seen.
Around the island there are several islets such as El León and Albatros.
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